Overview
Intervertebral discs sit in between each vertebra and act as the shock absorbers of the spine. The spongy portion of the disc, called the nucleus, typically contains a relatively high-water content. Over time, the discs gradually lose some of their water content leading to degeneration. This process is often painless, and most patients will not have significant symptoms related to a single degenerated disc. In a select few patients, disc degeneration can cause significant inflammation within the bones, leading to pain.
Diagnosis
MRI is the most sensitive study for detection of degenerated discs. X-rays and CT can also be used to assess the narrowing between two vertebrae consistent with degenerated discs.
Treatment
Since this process is a natural part of aging and typically does not produce symptoms, treatment is reserved for those patients who have pain related to the degenerated disc and is typically treated conservatively through physical therapy, medications, activity modification, and alternative treatments such as massage, acupuncture and chiropractic care. Newer procedures that target the painful disc do exist and we recommend asking your provider for more information regarding advancements in this area. Surgery to remove the painful disc is the last line treatment option and generally reserved for those patients who have exhausted all conservative treatment options.
